07 October 2025, Tuesday

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common, chronic skin condition that causes red, flaky, and greasy patches—most often on areas rich in oil glands, like the scalp, eyebrows, nose, and chest. It’s also known as “dandruff” when limited to the scalp.

 

Causes and risk factors:

The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but it’s linked to overgrowth of a skin yeast (Malassezia), excess oil production, and an overreactive immune response. Stress, cold weather, hormonal changes, and neurological conditions (like Parkinson’s) can worsen it.

 

Types and classification:

• Mild (dandruff): flaky white or yellowish scalp scales
• Moderate: red patches with greasy scales on face or chest
• Severe: inflamed lesions, sometimes crusted, especially in immunocompromised individuals

It’s also common in infants as cradle cap (neonatal seborrheic dermatitis).

 

Main signs and symptoms:

• Red, greasy skin with white or yellowish flakes
• Itching or burning
• Common on the scalp, eyebrows, sides of the nose, ears, beard area, and chest
• Can come and go with flare-ups

 

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosis is made by examining the skin. In unusual cases, a skin scraping may be taken to rule out fungal infections or psoriasis.

Treatment options:

• Medicated shampoos with zinc, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, or coal tar
• Topical antifungals and mild corticosteroids
• Non-steroidal creams (like pimecrolimus or ciclopirox)
• Regular cleansing with gentle, non-irritating products

 

Complications and prevention:

If untreated, the rash can become more inflamed and uncomfortable. Scratching may lead to infections. To manage flare-ups: reduce stress, maintain regular skincare, and treat early when symptoms appear.

 

Seborrheic dermatitis and pregnancy:

Mild topical treatments and antifungal shampoos are usually safe. Always consult your healthcare provider before using medicated products while pregnant.

 

When to see a specialist:

If symptoms are persistent, spreading, or resistant to over-the-counter treatments, or if you’re unsure whether it’s seborrheic dermatitis or another skin condition like psoriasis or rosacea.