08 January 2026, Thursday

What is atopic dermatitis?

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and irritated skin. It often starts in childhood but can persist into adulthood.

 

Causes and risk factors:

Genetics, a weakened skin barrier, allergies, environmental triggers, and immune overactivity all play a role. It's more common in families with a history of eczema, asthma, or hay fever.

Types and classification:

Atopic dermatitis is part of the "atopic triad" (eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis). Severity can range from mild dryness to widespread flare-ups with oozing and cracking.

Main signs and symptoms:
•    Intense itching
•    Dry, scaly patches
•    Redness and inflammation
•    Cracking or bleeding skin
•    Commonly affects the face, neck, hands, elbows, and knees

 

How is it diagnosed?

Usually based on physical exam and medical history. In some cases, allergy testing may be recommended.

Treatment options:
•    Moisturizers (used daily, even during remission)
•    Anti-inflammatory creams (steroids, calcineurin inhibitors)
•    Antihistamines for itching
•    Lifestyle changes: avoiding irritants, using mild soaps
•    In severe cases: phototherapy or systemic medications

Complications and prevention:

Scratching can lead to skin infections and thickening. Prevention includes regular moisturizing, identifying and avoiding triggers, and early treatment of flare-ups.

 

Atopic dermatitis and pregnancy:

Flare-ups may improve or worsen. Most topical treatments are safe, but always check with your doctor before using any medication.

 

When to see a specialist:

If symptoms are frequent, severe, or not improving with over-the-counter care, or if sleep and daily life are affected.
 

Dermatological services in Yerevan, Armenia, at VitaMed MC

Primary examination by a dermatologist, differential diagnosis, consultation	12000 AMD
Treatment and dynamic monitoring of chronic skin diseases for 2 months	28000 AMD
Face cleaning	15 000 AMD